xm(1) Xen xm(1)
NAME
xm - Xen management user interface
SYNOPSIS
xm <subcommand> [args]
DESCRIPTION
The xm program is the main interface for managing Xen guest domains.
The program can be used to create, pause, and shutdown domains. It can
also be used to list current domains, enable or pin VCPUs, and attach
or detach virtual block devices.
The basic structure of every xm command is almost always:
xm <subcommand> <domain-id> [OPTIONS]
Where subcommand is one of the sub commands listed below, domain-id is
the numeric domain id, or the domain name (which will be internally
translated to domain id), and OPTIONS are sub command specific options.
There are a few exceptions to this rule in the cases where the sub com-
mand in question acts on all domains, the entire machine, or directly
on the xen hypervisor. Those exceptions will be clear for each of
those sub commands.
NOTES
All xm operations rely upon the Xen control daemon, aka xend. For any
xm commands to run xend must also be running. For this reason you
should start xend as a service when your system first boots using xen.
Most xm commands require root privileges to run due to the communica-
tions channels used to talk to the hypervisor. Running as non root
will return an error.
Most xm commands act asynchronously, so just because the xm command
returned, doesn’t mean the action is complete. This is important, as
many operations on domains, like create and shutdown, can take consid-
erable time (30 seconds or more) to bring the machine into a fully com-
pliant state. If you want to know when one of these actions has fin-
ished you must poll through xm list periodically.
DOMAIN SUBCOMMANDS
The following sub commands manipulate domains directly, as stated pre-
viously most commands take domain-id as the first parameter.
console domain-id
Attach to domain domain-id’s console. If you’ve set up your
Domains to have a traditional log in console this will look much
like a normal text log in screen.
This uses the back end xenconsole service which currently only
works for para-virtual domains.
The attached console will perform much like a standard serial con-
sole, so running curses based interfaces over the console is not
advised. Vi tends to get very odd when using it over this inter-
face.
create [-c] configfile [name=value]..
The create sub command requires a configfile and can optional take
a series of name value pairs that add to or override variables
defined in the config file. See xmdomain.cfg for full details of
that file format, and possible options used in either the
configfile or Name=Value combinations.
Configfile can either be an absolute path to a file, or a relative
path to a file located in /etc/xen.
Create will return as soon as the domain is started. This does not
mean the guest OS in the domain has actually booted, or is avail-
able for input.
OPTIONS
-c Attache console to the domain as soon as it has started. This
is useful for determining issues with crashing domains.
EXAMPLES
with config file
xm create Fedora4
This creates a domain with the file /etc/xen/Fedora4, and
returns as soon as it is run.
without config file
xm create /dev/null ramdisk=initrd.img \
kernel=/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.12.6-xenU \
name=ramdisk vif=’’ vcpus=1 \
memory=64 root=/dev/ram0
This creates the domain without using a config file (more
specifically using /dev/null as an empty config file), kernel
and ramdisk as specified, setting the name of the domain to
"ramdisk", also disabling virtual networking. (This example
comes from the xm-test test suite.)
destroy domain-id
Immediately terminate the domain domain-id. This doesn’t give the
domain OS any chance to react, and it the equivalent of ripping the
power cord out on a physical machine. In most cases you will want
to use the shutdown command instead.
domid domain-name
Converts a domain name to a domain id using xend’s internal map-
ping.
domname domain-id
Converts a domain id to a domain name using xend’s internal map-
ping.
help [--long]
Displays the short help message (i.e. common commands).
The --long option prints out the complete set of xm subcommands,
grouped by function.
list [--long │ --label] [domain-id, ...]
Prints information about one or more domains. If no domains are
specified it prints out information about all domains.
An example format for the list is as follows:
Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s)
Domain-0 0 98 1 r----- 5068.6
Fedora3 164 128 1 r----- 7.6
Fedora4 165 128 1 ------ 0.6
Mandrake2006 166 128 1 -b---- 3.6
Mandrake10.2 167 128 1 ------ 2.5
Suse9.2 168 100 1 ------ 1.8
Name is the name of the domain. ID the domain numeric id. Mem is
the size of the memory allocated to the domain. VCPUS is the num-
ber of VCPUS allocated to domain. State is the run state (see
below). Time is the total run time of the domain as accounted for
by Xen.
STATES
The State field lists 6 states for a Xen Domain, and which ones
the current Domain is in.
r - running
The domain is currently running on a CPU
b - blocked
The domain is blocked, and not running or runnable. This can
be caused because the domain is waiting on IO (a traditional
wait state) or has gone to sleep because there was nothing else
for it to do.
p - paused
The domain has been paused, usually occurring through the
administrator running xm pause. When in a paused state the
domain will still consume allocated resources like memory, but
will not be eligible for scheduling by the Xen hypervisor.
s - shutdown
The guest has requested to be shutdown, rebooted or suspended,
and the domain is in the process of being destroyed in
response.
c - crashed
The domain has crashed, which is always a violent ending. Usu-
ally this state can only occur if the domain has been config-
ured not to restart on crash. See xmdomain.cfg for more info.
d - dying
The domain is in process of dying, but hasn’t completely shut-
down or crashed.
LONG OUTPUT
If --long is specified, the output for xm list is not the table
view shown above, but instead is an S-Expression representing
all information known about all domains asked for. This is
mostly only useful for external programs to parse the data.
Note: there is no stable guarantees on the format of this data.
Use at your own risk.
LABEL OUTPUT
If --label is specified, the security labels are added to the
output of xm list and the lines are sorted by the labels
(ignoring case). The --long option prints the labels by default
and cannot be combined with --label. See the ACCESS CONTROL
SUBCOMMAND section of this man page for more information about
labels.
NOTES
The Time column is deceptive. Virtual IO (network and block
devices) used by Domains requires coordination by Domain0,
which means that Domain0 is actually charged for much of the
time that a DomainU is doing IO. Use of this time value to
determine relative utilizations by domains is thus very sus-
pect, as a high IO workload may show as less utilized than a
high CPU workload. Consider yourself warned.
mem-max domain-id mem
Specify the maximum amount of memory the Domain is able to use.
Mem is specified in megabytes.
The mem-max value may not correspond to the actual memory used in
the Domain, as it may balloon down it’s memory to give more back to
the OS.
mem-set domain-id mem
Set the domain’s used memory using the balloon driver.
Because this operation requires cooperation from the domain operat-
ing system, there is no guarantee that it will succeed. This com-
mand will definitely not work unless the domain has the required
paravirt driver.
Warning: there is no good way to know in advance how small of a
mem-set will make a domain unstable and cause it to crash. Be very
careful when using this command on running domains.
migrate domain-id host [options]
Migrate a domain to another Host machine. Xend must be running on
other host machine, it must be running the same version of xen, it
must have the migration TCP port open and accepting connections
from the source host, and there must be sufficient resources for
the domain to run (memory, disk, etc).
Migration is pretty complicated, and has many security implica-
tions, please read the Xen Users Guide to ensure you understand the
ramifications and limitations on migration before attempting it in
production.
OPTIONS
-l, --live
Use live migration. This will migrate the domain between hosts
without shutting down the domain. See the Xen Users Guide for
more information.
-r, --resource Mbs
Set maximum Mbs allowed for migrating the domain. This ensures
that the network link is not saturated with migration traffic
while attempting to do other useful work.
pause domain-id
Pause a domain. When in a paused state the domain will still con-
sume allocated resources such as memory, but will not be eligible
for scheduling by the Xen hypervisor.
reboot [options] domain-id
Reboot a domain. This acts just as if the domain had the reboot
command run from the console. The command returns as soon as it
has executed the reboot action, which may be significantly before
the domain actually reboots.
The behavior of what happens to a domain when it reboots is set by
the on_reboot parameter of the xmdomain.cfg file when the domain
was created.
OPTIONS
-a, --all
Reboot all domains
-w, --wait
Wait for reboot to complete before returning. This may take a
while, as all services in the domain will have to be shut down
cleanly.
restore state-file
Build a domain from an xm save state file. See save for more info.
save domain-id state-file
Saves a running domain to a state file so that it can be restored
later. Once saved, the domain will no longer be running on the
system, thus the memory allocated for the domain will be free for
other domains to use. xm restore restores from this state file.
This is roughly equivalent to doing a hibernate on a running com-
puter, with all the same limitations. Open network connections may
be severed upon restore, as TCP timeouts may have expired.
shutdown [options] domain-id
Gracefully shuts down a domain. This coordinates with the domain
OS to perform graceful shutdown, so there is no guarantee that it
will succeed, and may take a variable length of time depending on
what services must be shutdown in the domain. The command returns
immediately after signally the domain unless that -w flag is used.
The behavior of what happens to a domain when it reboots is set by
the on_shutdown parameter of the xmdomain.cfg file when the domain
was created.
OPTIONS
-a Shutdown all domains. Often used when doing a complete shut-
down of a Xen system.
-w Wait for the domain to complete shutdown before returning.
sysrq domain-id letter
Send a Magic System Request signal to the domain. For more infor-
mation on available magic sys req operations, see sysrq.txt in your
Linux Kernel sources.
unpause domain-id
Moves a domain out of the paused state. This will allow a previ-
ously paused domain to now be eligible for scheduling by the Xen
hypervisor.
vcpu-set domain-id vcpu-count
Enables the vcpu-count virtual CPUs for the domain in question.
Like mem-set, this command can only allocate up to the maximum vir-
tual CPU count configured at boot for the domain.
If the vcpu-count is smaller than the current number of active
VCPUs, the highest number VCPUs will be hotplug removed. This may
be important for pinning purposes.
Attempting to set the VCPUs to a number larger than the initially
configured VCPU count is an error. Trying to set VCPUs to < 1 will
be quietly ignored.
Because this operation requires cooperation from the domain operat-
ing system, there is no guarantee that it will succeed. This com-
mand will not work with a full virt domain.
vcpu-list [domain-id]
Lists VCPU information for a specific domain. If no domain is
specified, VCPU information for all domains will be provided.
vcpu-pin domain-id vcpu cpus
Pins the the VCPU to only run on the specific CPUs. The keyword
all can be used to apply the cpus list to all VCPUs in the domain.
Normally VCPUs can float between available CPUs whenever Xen deems
a different run state is appropriate. Pinning can be used to
restrict this, by ensuring certain VCPUs can only run on certain
physical CPUs.
XEN HOST SUBCOMMANDS
dmesg [-c]
Reads the Xen message buffer, similar to dmesg on a Linux system.
The buffer contains informational, warning, and error messages cre-
ated during Xen’s boot process. If you are having problems with
Xen, this is one of the first places to look as part of problem
determination.
OPTIONS
-c, --clear
Clears Xen’s message buffer.
info
Print information about the Xen host in name : value format. When
reporting a Xen bug, please provide this information as part of the
bug report.
Sample xen domain info looks as follows (lines wrapped manually to
make the man page more readable):
host : talon
release : 2.6.12.6-xen0
version : #1 Mon Nov 14 14:26:26 EST 2005
machine : i686
nr_cpus : 2
nr_nodes : 1
sockets_per_node : 2
cores_per_socket : 1
threads_per_core : 1
cpu_mhz : 696
hw_caps : 0383fbff:00000000:00000000:00000040
total_memory : 767
free_memory : 37
xen_major : 3
xen_minor : 0
xen_extra : -devel
xen_caps : xen-3.0-x86_32
xen_pagesize : 4096
platform_params : virt_start=0xfc000000
xen_changeset : Mon Nov 14 18:13:38 2005 +0100
7793:090e44133d40
cc_compiler : gcc version 3.4.3 (Mandrakelinux
10.2 3.4.3-7mdk)
cc_compile_by : sdague
cc_compile_domain : (none)
cc_compile_date : Mon Nov 14 14:16:48 EST 2005
xend_config_format : 2
FIELDS
Not all fields will be explained here, but some of the less
obvious ones deserve explanation:
hw_caps
A vector showing what hardware capabilities are supported by
your processor. This is equivalent to, though more cryptic,
the flags field in /proc/cpuinfo on a normal Linux machine.
free_memory
Available memory (in MB) not allocated to Xen, or any other
Domains.
xen_caps
The xen version, architecture. Architecture values can be one
of: x86_32, x86_32p (i.e. PAE enabled), x86_64, ia64.
xen_changeset
The xen mercurial changeset id. Very useful for determining
exactly what version of code your Xen system was built from.
log Print out the xend log. This log file can be found in
/var/log/xend.log.
top Executes the xentop command, which provides real time monitoring of
domains. Xentop is a curses interface, and reasonably self
explanatory.
VIRTUAL DEVICE COMMANDS
Most virtual devices can be added and removed while guests are running.
The effect to the guest OS is much the same as any hotplug event.
BLOCK DEVICES
block-attach domain-id be-dev fe-dev mode [bedomain-id]
Create a new virtual block device. This will trigger a hotplug
event for the guest.
OPTIONS
domain-id
The domain id of the guest domain that the device will be
attached to.
be-dev
The device in the backend domain (usually domain 0) to be
exported. This can be specified as a physical partition
(phy:sda7) or as a file mounted as loopback
(file://path/to/loop.iso).
fe-dev
How the device should be presented to the guest domain. It can
be specified as either a symbolic name, such as /dev/hdc, for
common devices, or by device id, such as 0x1400 (/dev/hdc
device id in hex).
mode
The access mode for the device from the guest domain. Sup-
ported modes are w (read/write) or r (read-only).
bedomain-id
The back end domain hosting the device. This defaults to
domain 0.
EXAMPLES
Mount an ISO as a Disk
xm block-attach guestdomain file://path/to/dsl-2.0RC2.iso
/dev/hdc ro
This will mount the dsl iso as /dev/hdc in the guestdomain as a
read only device. This will probably not be detected as a
cdrom by the guest, but mounting /dev/hdc manually will work.
block-detach domain-id devid
Destroy a domain’s virtual block device. devid must be the device
id given to the device by domain 0. You will need to run xm block-
list to determine that number.
block-list [-l│--long] domain-id
List virtual block devices for a domain. The returned output is
formatted as a list or as an S-Expression if the ’--long’ option
was given.
NETWORK DEVICES
network-attach domain-id [script=scriptname] [ip=ipaddr] [mac=macaddr]
[bridge=bridge-name] [backend=bedomain-id]
Creates a new network device in the domain specified by domain-id.
It takes the following optional options:
OPTIONS
script=scriptname
Use the specified script name to bring up the network.
Defaults to the default setting in xend-config.sxp for vif-
script.
ip=ipaddr
Passes the specified IP Address to the adapter on creation.
mac=macaddr
The MAC address that the domain will see on its Ethernet
device. If the device is not specified it will be randomly
generated with the 00:16:3e vendor id prefix.
bridge=bridge-name
The name of the bridge to attach the vif to, in case you have
more than one. This defaults to
backend=bedomain-id
The backend domain id. By default this is domain 0.
network-detach domain-id devid
Removes the network device from the domain specified by domain-id.
devid is the virtual interface device number within the domain
(i.e. the 3 in vif22.3).
network-list [-l│--long] domain-id
List virtual network interfaces for a domain. The returned output
is formatted as a list or as an S-Expression if the ’--long’ option
was given.
VIRTUAL TPM DEVICES
vtpm-list [-l│--long] domain-id
Show the virtual TPM device for a domain. The returned output is
formatted as a list or as an S-Expression if the ’--long’ option
was given.
ACCESS CONTROL SUBCOMMANDS
Access Control in Xen consists of two components: (i) The Access Con-
trol Policy (ACP) defines security labels and access rules based on
these labels. (ii) The Access Control Module (ACM) makes access control
decisions by interpreting the policy when domains require to communi-
cate or to access resources. The Xen access control has sufficient
mechanisms in place to enforce the access decisions even against mali-
ciously acting user domains (mandatory access control).
Access rights for domains in Xen are determined by the domain security
label only and not based on the domain Name or ID. The ACP specifies
security labels that can then be assigned to domains and resources.
Every domain must be assigned exactly one security label, otherwise
access control decisions could become indeterministic. ACPs are distin-
guished by their name, which is a parameter to most of the subcommands
described below. Currently, the ACP specifies two ways to interpret
labels:
(1) Simple Type Enforcement: Labels are interpreted to decide access of
domains to comunication means and virtual or physical resources. Commu-
nication between domains as well as access to resources are forbidden
by default and can only take place if they are explicitly allowed by
the security policy. The proper assignment of labels to domains con-
trols the sharing of information (directly through communication or
indirectly through shared resources) between domains. This interpreta-
tion allows to control the overt (intended) communication channels in
Xen.
(2) Chinese Wall: Labels are interpreted to decide which domains can
co-exist (be run simultaneously) on the same system. This interpreta-
tion allows to prevent direct covert (unintended) channels and miti-
gates risks caused by imperfect core domain isolation (trade-off
between security and other system requirements). For a short introduc-
tion to covert channels, please refer to http://www.multicians.org/tim-
ing-chn.html.
The following subcommands help you to manage security policies in Xen
and to assign security labels to domains. To enable access control
security in Xen, you must compile Xen with ACM support enabled as
described under "Configuring Security" below. There, you will find also
examples of each subcommand described here.
makepolicy policy
Compiles the XML source representation of the security policy. It
creates a mapping (.map) as well as a binary (.bin) version of the
policy. The compiled policy can be loaded into Xen with the load-
policy subcommand or can be configured to be loaded at boot time
with the cfgbootpolicy subcommand.
policy is a dot-separated list of names. The last part is the file
name pre-fix for the policy xml file. The preceding name parts are
translated into the local path pointing to the policy xml file rel-
ative to the global policy root directory (/etc/xen/acm-secu-
rity/policies). For example, example.chwall_ste.client_v1 denotes
the policy file example/chwall_ste/client_v1-security_policy.xml
relative to the global policy root directory.
loadpolicy policy
Loads the binary representation of the policy into Xen. The binary
representation can be created with the makepolicy subcommand.
cfgbootpolicy policy [kernelversion]
Configures policy as the boot policy for Xen. It copies the binary
policy representation into the /boot directory and adds a module
line specifying the binary policy to the /boot/grub/menu.lst file.
If your boot configuration includes multiple Xen boot titles, then
use the kernelversion parameter to select the proper title.
dumppolicy
Prints the current security policy state information of Xen.
labels [policy] [type=dom│res│any]
Lists all labels of a type (domain, resource, or both) that are
defined in the policy. Unless specified, the default policy is the
currently enforced access control policy. The default for type is
’dom’. The labels are arranged in alphabetical order.
addlabel label dom configfile [policy]
addlabel label res resource [policy]
Adds the security label with name label to a domain configfile
(dom) or to the global resource label file for the given resource
(res). Unless specified, the default policy is the currently
enforced access control policy. This subcommand also verifies that
the policy definition supports the specified label name.
rmlabel dom configfile
rmlabel res resource
Works the same as the addlabel command (above), except that this
command will remove the label from the domain configfile (dom) or
the global resource label file (res).
getlabel dom configfile
getlabel res resource
Shows the label for the given configfile or resource
resources
Lists all resources in the global resource label file. Each
resource is listed with its associated label and policy name.
dry-run configfile
Determines if the specified configfile describes a domain with a
valid security configuration for type enforcement. The test shows
the policy decision made for each resource label against the domain
label as well as the overall decision.
CONFIGURING SECURITY
In xen_source_dir/Config.mk set the following parameters:
ACM_SECURITY ?= y
ACM_DEFAULT_SECURITY_POLICY ?= \
ACM_CHINESE_WALL_AND_SIMPLE_TYPE_ENFORCEMENT_POLICY
Then recompile and install xen and the security tools and then
reboot:
cd xen_source_dir/xen; make clean; make; cp xen.gz /boot;
cd xen_source_dir/tools/security; make install;
reboot into xen
COMPILING A SECURITY POLICY
This step creates client_v1.map and client_v1.bin files in
/etc/xen/acm-security/policies/example/chwall_ste.
xm makepolicy example.chwall_ste.client_v1
LOADING A SECURITY POLICY
This step activates client_v1.bin as new security policy in Xen.
You can use the dumppolicy subcommand before and afterwards to see
the change in the Xen policy state.
xm loadpolicy example.chwall_ste.client_v1
CONFIGURING A BOOT SECURITY POLICY
This configures the boot loader to load client_v1.bin at boot time.
During system start, the ACM configures Xen with this policy and
Xen enforces this policy from then on.
xm cfgbootpolicy example.chwall_ste.client_v1
LISTING SECURITY LABELS
This subcommand shows all labels that are defined and which can be
attached to domains.
xm labels example.chwall_ste.client_v1 type=dom
will print for our example policy:
dom_BoincClient
dom_Fun
dom_HomeBanking
dom_NetworkDomain
dom_StorageDomain
dom_SystemManagement
ATTACHING A SECURITY LABEL TO A DOMAIN
The addlabel subcommand can attach a security label to a domain
configuration file, here a HomeBanking label. The example policy
ensures that this domain does not share information with other non-
hombanking user domains (i.e., domains labeled as dom_Fun or
dom_Boinc) and that it will not run simultaneously with domains
labeled as dom_Fun.
We assume that the specified myconfig.xm configuration file actu-
ally instantiates a domain that runs workloads related to
home-banking, probably just a browser environment for online-bank-
ing.
xm addlabel dom_HomeBanking dom myconfig.xm
The very simple configuration file might now look as printed below.
The addlabel subcommand added the access_control entry at the end
of the file, consisting of a label name and the policy that speci-
fies this label name:
kernel = "/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.16-xen"
ramdisk="/boot/U1_home_banking_ramdisk.img"
memory = 164
name = "homebanking"
vif = [ ’’ ]
dhcp = "dhcp"
access_control = [’policy=example.chwall_ste.client_v1,
label=dom_HomeBanking’]
Security labels must be assigned to domain configurations because
these labels are essential for making access control decisions as
early as during the configuration phase of a newly instantiated
domain. Consequently, a security-enabled Xen hypervisor will only
start domains that have a security label configured and whose secu-
rity label is consistent with the currently enforced policy. Other-
wise, starting the domain will fail with the error condition "oper-
ation not permitted".
ATTACHING A SECURITY LABEL TO A RESOURCE
The addlabel subcommand can also be used to attach a security label
to a resource. Following the home banking example from above, we
can label a disk resource (e.g., a physical partition or a file) to
make it accessible to the home banking domain. The example policy
provides a resource label, res_LogicalDiskPartition1(hda1), that is
compatible with the HomeBanking domain label.
xm addlabel "res_LogicalDiskPartition1(hda1)" res phy:hda6
After labeling this disk resource, it can be attached to the domain
by adding a line to the domain configuration file. The line below
attaches this disk to the domain at boot time.
disk = [ ’phy:hda6,sda2,w’ ]
Alternatively, the resource can be attached after booting the
domain by using the block-attach subcommand.
xm block-attach homebanking phy:hda6 sda2 w
Note that labeled resources cannot be used when security is turned
off. Any attempt to use labeled resources with security turned off
will result in a failure with a corresponding error message. The
solution is to enable security or, if security is no longer
desired, to remove the resource label using the rmlabel subcommand.
STARTING AND LISTING LABELED DOMAINS
xm create myconfig.xm
xm list --label
Name ID ... Time(s) Label
homebanking 23 ... 4.4 dom_HomeBanking
Domain-0 0 ... 2658.8 dom_SystemManagement
LISTING LABELED RESOURCES
xm resources
phy:hda6
policy: example.chwall_ste.client_v1
label: res_LogicalDiskPartition1(hda1)
file:/xen/disk_image/disk.img
policy: example.chwall_ste.client_v1
label: res_LogicalDiskPartition2(hda2)
POLICY REPRESENTATIONS
We distinguish three representations of the Xen access control pol-
icy: the source XML version, its binary counterpart, and a mapping
representation that enables the tools to deterministically trans-
late back and forth between label names of the XML policy and label
identifiers of the binary policy. All three versions must be kept
consistent to achieve predictable security guarantees.
The XML version is the version that users are supposed to create or
change, either by manually editing the XML file or by using the Xen
policy generation tool (xensec_gen). After changing the XML file,
run the makepolicy subcommand to ensure that these changes are
reflected in the other versions. Use, for example, the subcommand
cfgbootpolicy to activate the changes during the next system
reboot.
The binary version of the policy is derived from the XML policy by
tokenizing the specified labels and is used inside Xen only. It is
created with the makepolicy subcommand. Essentially, the binary
version is much more compact than the XML version and is easier to
evaluate during access control decisions.
The mapping version of the policy is created during the XML-to-
binary policy translation (makepolicy) and is used by the Xen
management tools to translate between label names used as input to
the tools and their binary identifiers (ssidrefs) used inside Xen.
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
xmdomain.cfg(5), xentop(1)
AUTHOR
Sean Dague <sean at dague dot net>
Daniel Stekloff <dsteklof at us dot ibm dot com>
Reiner Sailer <sailer at us dot ibm dot com>
BUGS
xen-unstable 2009-01-08 xm(1)
